History of Chewing Gum

हज़ारों सालों से लोग gum खाते आये है प्राकर्तिक रूप से। सबसे आम जो gum बनती थी वोह resin के तनो से बनाई जाती थी। लेकिन लोग अक्सर अलग अलग प्रकार की मीठी घास, पत्ते, दाल, या फिर wax का तक खाते थे। च्युइंग गम का इस्तमाल अलग अलग प्रकार और स्वाद में बनाई जाती है। प्राचीन ग्रीस के रहवासी mastiche को खाते थे। प्राचीन mayan के रहवासी sapodilla पेड़ का तना से निकाला गम चबाते है। उत्तरी अमरीका के लोग spruce पेड़ का तना का रस उपयोग करते थे। 

सबसे पहली commercial chewing gum बेचीं गयी थी 1848 में, john bacon cortis के द्धारा। उन्होंने अपनी इस chewing gum का नाम "State of maine pure spruce gum John B" रखा था। spruce पेड़ के तने का द्रव एक्सपेरिमेंट तर्ज पर उपयोग किया गया और उसे चिप चिपे रबर के तरह बनाया ताकि बार बार चबाया जा सके। उसके बाद इस गम के flavour के लिए और नरम करने के लिए paraffin मिलाया गया। जॉन की फैक्ट्री का नाम "curtis chewing gum factory" रखा गया। 

27 जुलाई 1869 को Amos Tyler ने पहला patent पाया united states में chewing gum के लिए। लेकिन patent पाने के बाद भी टाइलर जी ने commercially एक भी chewing gum नहीं बेची। अमेरिका के ऑहियो शहर के एक डेंटिस्ट विलियम फिनले सेम्पले को सम्मानित किया गया सबसे पहले chewing gum patent को उपयोग करने के लिए, दिसंबर 1869 में। ख़ास इंग्रेडेन्ट सेम्पल की gum का चारकोल और चाक था। 

1869 में General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna ने अपना विचार बताया chicle के बारें Thomas Adams को। आदम जी ने chicle के खिलोने, मुखोटे और बारिश के जूते के रूप में प्रस्तुत किया। लेकिन उनका एक भी उत्पाद नहीं बिका। 1869 में उन्होंने chicle में एक फ्लेवर को add किया और उनका उतपाद commercially प्रसिद्ध एवं कामियाब हो गया। यही वः समय था जब दुनिया के सामने सबसे पहली च्विंग गम का आविष्कार हुआ। दुनिया की इस पहली mass marketed च्विंग गम का नाम "Adams Newyork chewing gum" रखा गया। 1870 में थॉमस एडम्स ने एक manufacturing machine बनाई और उसे पेटेंट करवा लिया। उसी साल Adam ने एक licorice स्वाद की गम बनाई जिसका नाम black jack रखा गया। फिर भी इन सभी गम्स में एक दिक्कत थी की ये सभी स्वाद को ज्यादा समय तक पकड़ नहीं सकती थी। 1880 में विलियम वाइट ने शक़्कर और मक्के के घोल को उंन्होने मिलाया दिया जो की गम को स्वाद ज्यादा समय तक रखने में समर्थ किया। इसके स्वाद को और ज्यादा अच्छा करने के लिए पेपरमिंट का रास डाला गया। उन्होंने पाया की पेपरमिंट ज्यादा समय तक गम में टास्ते देता है दूसरे स्वादों के तुलना में। इस गम का नाम Yucatan Gum रखा गया।

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1928 में, फ्लीर गम कंपनी वाल्टर डायमर के लिए एकाउंटेंट ने एक नया रबड़ उत्पाद बनाने का प्रयास किया, लेकिन उसने गलती से बबल गम की स्थापना की, जो चिपचिपा नहीं था। उसने इसे डबल बुलबुला कहा। डबल बबल यह गम मूल फ्रैंक फ्लीर फार्मूला पर आधारित था।


1951 में, टॉप्स कंपनी ने एक सिगरेट की अपनी पिछली उपहार की जगह, एक पैकेज में बेसबॉल कार्ड जोड़कर बबल गम की लोकप्रियता को पुनः बनाया। बच्चों और माता-पिता को यह पसंद है।

1950 के दशक में, उपभोक्ताओं के रूप में अधिक स्वास्थ्य जागरूक बन गया, शुगरहीन गम पेश किया गया था। चीनी मुक्त गम के पीछे मूल विचार एक दंत चिकित्सक, डॉ। पेट्रुलिस के अंतर्गत आता है। उन "दंत चिकित्सकों ने" चबाने वाली मसूड़े को अम्मोनी युक्त रखा था।

          

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10 Dishes In India So Expensive, They’ll Burn A Massive Hole In Your Pocket

India is a land which enjoys indulging its senses. Be it couture, cars or cuisines, the affluent in India don't mind shelling out extra for a lavish experience. Now though we still have to go quite some way in order to match prices of the most expensive dishes around the world (pizza - $2,400, sundae - $1,000 and so on), there is much on offer which can make your stomach grumble bad enough to make you spend all the money in your pocket.

Here are some of the most expensive dishes/ meals you can spend your money on in India :

(NOTE- All prices listed below exclude taxes. And the hefty tip you will be obliged to pay once you've licked your plate clean)

1. Chef's Studio by Taj, Mumbai - 1.5 Lakh for a meal for two

Yes, you heard that right. For an intricately personalized meal that is how much you need to cough up.  Who doesn't want to walk in for your dinner on a red carpet with candles burning. With a personalised menu and a service matched by none.

You can watch your food being prepared in the attached kitchen and interact with the mastermind behind this one of a kind eating experience- Chef Hemant Oberoi. This is the kind of fare you may be expected to get treated to :

Source : I live to eat good food

2. Rajbhog, Bangalore - Gold-plated Dosa for 1,011 Rupees

This Dosa is quite literally the Bappi Lahiri of Dosas . Adorned with 24K gold, this creation is the feather in the crown of creator who can make a dosa out of almost anything - silver, chocolate and of course a myriad of vegetables. A gold plated dosa, rightly deserves a silver platter along with a tumbler of tender coconut water.

Source : Sumanjalikoparty

3. Library Bar at the Leela Palace, Delhi - 30 ml of cognac for 1.5 Lakhs

The Leela Palace aims to bring the best of luxury to its patrons. Remy Martin Louis XIII Black Pearl , of which only about 50 cases exist the world over, is one such luxury. Holding the custom decanter made of black crystal and platinum crafted by Baccarat spells luxury.

Source : extravagnzi

4. Qube at the Leela Palace Hotel, Delhi - a 13-inch pizza for 9,999 Rupees

Eating a pizza topped with a lobster picked from Canada, thyme-scented mascarpone and an ounce of the best Iranian Beluga caviar definitely is everyone's fancy. Aptly called the ' High Life ' , the pizza is guided to the guests' table by the chef himself. The surroundings drown in the pungent truffle oil smell and definitely make the neighbors feel really really jealous of the patrons. One gets to relish the pizza with a Grey Goose Vodka chaser which is supposed to enhance the flavor of the lobster. But it comes at a fraction of the cost of the most expensive pizza of the world which is pegged at $2,400.

Source : The Hindu

5. Anarkali, Hyderabad - 6,000 Rupees for a portion of butter chicken

The invention of two software professionals, this special butter chicken's recipe reportedly took eight years to be made. Black olives and coriander garnish this expensive dish which is made using Evian natural spring water, Hunt's tomato paste, Filippo Berio olive oil, Godrej chicken and a pack of the Danish Lurpak unsalted butter. It is packed in a Borosil glass container so that the flavor of the dish is contained.

Source : Indian foods guide

6. Le Cirque at the Leela Palace Hotel, Delhi - 130$ for a steak

A restaurant which generates about ten million rupees a month, it is one of the most expensive restaurants of India. Bistecca ‘alla Fiorentina’ costs about 8,000 Rupees. The Grilled Angus T-bone steak is one of the most celebrated dishes at the restaurant. It is a accompanied by a side of creamed spinach, potatoes and black pepper.

Source : Gourmad

7. Wasabi at Taj, Delhi - Chef's tasting menu for 20,000 Rupees

The Iron Chef Morimoto's grand cuisine finally found a place in India at Wasabi. The grand restaurant offers the best of Japanese cuisine and charges a rightful premium. The Chef's tasting menu or Omakase is a  nine-course meal which includes Kobe steak and oysters is a luxury one will always want to indulge in. Take a look at what you may relish at Wasabi :

Source : Tomostyle

8. Vetro by Oberoi, Mumbai - Rack of lamb for 4,000 Rupees

The dish that the restaurant Vetro serves up for its patrons in Mumbai is tempting to say the least. The major ingredient, New Zealand rack of lamb , is one of the most expensive ingredients imported by India for its eliteconnoisseurs. Other dishes on the menu are similarly priced.

Source : Book your table

9. Zanotta at Leela Kempinski, Gurgaon - Brunch for two for 20,000 Rupees

The beautiful Italian restaurant has much to offer. Chic interiors and a calming ambiance let's one enjoy the exquisite fare on offer. A live interactive kitchen adds to the experience of eating here. The 36-course brunch menu is a delightful experience that is a heavy-blow on the pocket but entirely pleasing for your palate.

Source : The Leela

10. Casablanca, Taj - Meal for two for 20,000 Rupess

A private dining room for patrons of the Souk restaurant. Located inside the kitchen, separated by stained glass, the table for two is set with designer crockery from the house of Versace. The surroundings are decked up in Mediterranean artefacts and heart-shaped cushions and candles. It is a one of a kind experience to enjoy your meal here, over-looking the Gateway of India. But here's the catch - entry only by chef's invitatio n .

Source : The Purple Window

          

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List of unusual Temples of India (भारत के सबसे उन्होके मंदिर, बिलकुल अलग)

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India, a country that is full of beliefs and rituals has many shocking mysteries and places that are still to be revealed. To your shock, thirty-three Gods are mentioned in Indian ancient texts, such as the Yajurveda. However, there is no fixed 'number of deities' in Hinduism anymore. But according to a popular study, there are 33 God-Goddesses in Hinduism. 

It is also interesting to note that India, which is often known as the land of temples, not only speaks of ancient and historically meaningful temples but also some unusual examples such as the famous temple for Amitabh Bachchan and Bullet Baba.

Belief is one of the greatest powers which drives humans. It is becasue of our beliefs that we find ourselves bowing our heads down in respect to the Gods we believe in. But there are some beliefs which are not common. Here are some of the temples which follow such unusual beliefs. Let's have a look at them.

Dog temple in Channapatna, Karnataka

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According to One India, a group of people in Karnataka have built up an unusual temple to pay regards to the model of faithfulness - 'The Dog'. In Channapatna's Ramanagar area, individuals not just have constructed a temple for the creature but on the other hand, are leading poojas to the Dog God.

Amitabh Bachchan temple in Kolkata, West Bengal

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Amitabh is an idol for many in this country. But people in this temple have literally put him on a pedestal.

Karni Mata Temple, Deshnoke - Temple of rats

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Dedicated to the ascetic Karni mata, the temple is known for the presence of rats. The rats are called kabbas and are considered holy.

Sachin Temple, Atarwalia - Worship the God of cricket

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People in this town in Bihar, have taken their love for Sachin to another level by building a temple for him.

Om Banna Temple, Jodhpur - Worship a Bullet

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A 350 cc Royal Enfield Bullet is the shrine of this temple near Jodhpur.

Ravana Temple, Ravangram

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Thousands of Kanyakubja Brahmins, believed to be descendants of Ravanaworship Ravan in this village in Madhya Pradesh.

Sonia Gandhi Temple, Mahbubnagar - Congress leader worships Sonia as the Goddess of Telangana

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To express his gratitude towards the Congress leader, Shankar Rao built a temple where he worships Sonia's idol.

          

Source: https://goo.gl/yqkLC7

How to look more attractive ? (कैसे लड़कियाँ और आकर्षक दिखे?)

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सुंदरता केवल skin से सम्बंधित है लेकिन हम अगर ये नहीं जोड़े की त्वचा के अलावा intelligence और kindness भी इसका हिस्सा है। कुछ भी कहो पर कभी कभी हम केवल अपने आप में सबसे अच्छा दिखना चाहते है।

 हम भी इस बात पर पूर्ण ताः विश्वाश करते है की शाररिक attributes को अपने culture में बहुत ज्यादा महत्त्व दिया जाता है। और एक बात ये भी सत्य है की हमारे आस पास के media में ख़ूबसूरती के unrealistic standards को सराहा जाता है। हाँ लेकिन ये भी सत्य है की अगर कोई व्यक्ति विशेष अच्छा दिखे तोह वह अच्छा महसूस भी करता है।

जहाँ तक अच्छे दिखने की बात उससे ये होता है की आप में confidence रहता है और आपकी personality में निखार आता है। कहीं न कहीं ब्यूटी प्रोडक्ट्स के विज्ञापन यही बताते है की हम जितना उन्हें उपयोग करेंगे उतना शायद हम अच्छा महसूस करें।

आइये कुछ बातें हमारी तरफ से जो आप अगर ध्यान रखें तोह आप और attractive दिख सकते है:

1) Keep Your teeth white:

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एक research जो की यूनिवर्सिटी ऑफ़ लीड्स के द्वारा की गयी में बताया गया की सफ़ेद साफ़ दांत एक अच्छी हेल्थ की निशानी है और ये सभी को attractive भी करता है। तोह फिर आज से ही सफ़ेद दांतों को अपनाये।

2) Go for a voluminous hairstyle:

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अगर आपके बाल thick है तोह इस का मतलब है की आपकी सेहत अच्छी है। अच्छे घने बाल के कारण looks भी अच्छे होते है। अगर आपके बाल समय के साथ और उम्र के कारण पतले होते जा रहे है तोह आप एक अच्छे से ड्राई शैम्पू का इस्तमाल करें।

3) Take care of your skin:

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अच्छे लुक्स के लिए सबसे ज्यादा जरूरी है की हमारी त्वचा smooth हो और आकर्षक है। एक अच्छी त्वचा बताती है की हमारा शरीर स्वस्थ है। याद रखे की कुछ अच्छे मॉइस्चराइजर का उपयोग जरूर करें अपनी त्वचा पर।

4) Have red lipstick handy:

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सारे रंगो में अगर बात की जाए तोह लाल रंग की बात ही अलग है ख़ास कर जब ये लिपस्टिक की बात हो। हमेशा अपने साथ red lipstick जरूर रखें और इसका उपयोग करें।

5) Be confident:

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हमेशा ध्यान रखे की आकर्षक दिखने के लिए confident दिखना जरूरी है क्यूंकि कॉंफिडेंट देखने से आप लोगो की नजरों में attractive दीखते है और साथ में ही साथ लोगो की आपसे नजर नहीं हटती। अपने confidence को बनाये रखे जिसके कारण आप आकर्षक बने रहेंगे।

          

According to Donald Trump, Facebook was Always Anti-Trump. This is How Mark Zuckerberg Responded

Donald Trump’s allegation:

Donald Trump, the President of the USA, is very well known as a person who doesn’t mince words and he did the same when he talked about the largest social networking site Facebook as he said that Facebook “was always anti-Trump.”

Trump took to the micro-blogging site Twitter and wrote, “Facebook was always anti-Trump. The Networks were always anti-Trump hence, Fake News, @nytimes(apologized) & @WaPo were anti-Trump. Collusion?”

Zuckerberg’s response:

The CEO of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, didn’t take much time and came out in the defense of Facebook. On his Facebook page, he posted that the purpose of Facebook is to “give all people a voice and create a platform for all ideas”. However, at the same time, he accepted that now he feels that he made a mistake by dismissing that the result of elections was influenced by the fake news circulated on Facebook.

Many fingers were raised on Facebook after Donald Trump became the President of the USA, alleging that he has been helped by all the fake news that was on Facebook. At that time, Mark rejected the allegation outright but now, he feels differently on that matter.

Mark wrote,

“Calling that crazy was dismissive and I regret it. This is too important of an issue to be dismissive. But the data we have had always shown that our broader impact — from giving people a voice to enabling candidates to communicate directly to helping millions of people vote — played a far bigger role in this election.”

 Mark further adds,

“Both sides are upset about ideas and content they don’t like. That’s what running a platform for all ideas looks like.”

Mark also talked about the millions of interactive sessions regarding politics that took place during the US presidential elections 2016 and how the candidates used this medium to connect with their followers. Not only this, “get out the vote” campaigns were run by Facebook which influenced nearly two million people to get themselves registered for voting.

Below is Mark’s Facebook post:

“I want to respond to President Trump’s tweet this morning claiming Facebook has always been against him.

Every day I work to bring people together and build a community for everyone. We hope to give all people a voice and create a platform for all ideas.

Trump says Facebook is against him. Liberals say we helped Trump. Both sides are upset about ideas and content they don’t like. That’s what running a platform for all ideas looks like.

The facts suggest the greatest role Facebook played in the 2016 election was different from what most are saying:

– More people had a voice in this election than ever before. There were billions of interactions discussing the issues that may have never happened offline. Every topic was discussed, not just what the media covered.

– This was the first US election where the internet was a primary way candidates communicated. Every candidate had a Facebook page to communicate directly with tens of millions of followers every day.

– Campaigns spent hundreds of millions advertising online to get their messages out even further. That’s 1000x more than any problematic ads we’ve found.

– We ran “get out the vote” efforts that helped as many as 2 million people register to vote. To put that in perspective, that’s bigger than the get out the vote efforts of the Trump and Clinton campaigns put together. That’s a big deal.

After the election, I made a comment that I thought the idea misinformation on Facebook changed the outcome of the election was a crazy idea. Calling that crazy was dismissive and I regret it. This is too important an issue to be dismissive. But the data we have has always shown that our broader impact — from giving people a voice to enabling candidates to communicate directly to helping millions of people vote — played a far bigger role in this election.

We will continue to work to build a community for all people. We will do our part to defend against nation states attempting to spread misinformation and subvert elections. We’ll keep working to ensure the integrity of free and fair elections around the world, and to ensure our community is a platform for all ideas and force for good in democracy.”

Let us know what do you think about this matter. Share your thought with us.

          

(source: https://goo.gl/kkVZcB)